Which format uses footnotes

If source used again:. If same source used again without a different source in between:. Include as much of the following as you can determine: author, title of the page, title or owner of the site, and publication or revision date.

Also include access date and URL. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Citing Religious Texts - Chicago. Chicago - General formatting. What is a Signal Phrase? Examples: In the words of researchers Redelmeier and Tibshirani, " For example, MLA footnotes can be used to direct the reader to further relevant sources or add information that could be useful but is not critical to your text.

If you wish to include footnotes or endnotes because you want to provide supplementary information, you should consider:. Learn more. Place the cursor where you would like the superscript number to appear. The superscript number will appear in the text automatically. The corresponding number will be automatically inserted in the footer ready for you to add the footnote citation. Type in your footnote citation.

By default, footnotes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc, while endnotes will apply Roman numerals, e. Hi, When I write many quotations from the same book at the same page, how will I write footnotes? Am I supposed to rewrite the same footnote? That depends on the specific citation style you're following. In some other styles you might use "ibid.

The details depend on the style you're following. Hi- Can I use Harvard to cite additional information in footnotes? I have information in my dissertation that is not necessary relevant for the main body of literature but might be helpful for the reader to view for further clarification. I wanted to see if this information could be included in a footnote if I use Harvard citation style.

Yes, it's certainly valid to do this when relevant. Just include a footnote number at the relevant point in the text, then a footnote at the bottom of the page providing the additional information. If you need a citation within the footnote, just present it in the usual format for Harvard in-text citations. The design program I'm using does not allow superscript. I am at a complete loss as to how to accommodate footnotes without the option of superscript.

Is there an alternative style of notation I could use? If you're unable to switch to a program that does support superscript or copy-paste superscript numbers in from elsewhere, if that works? I have a table I am filling out and I am using one outside reference for the entire table but I am wondering if I have to put the same number for each entry or how does that work?

Generally, you should use a new footnote with a new number for each citation, even if it's of a source that you've cited previously. Some citation styles allow you to write shortened citations when citing the same source again, but the second citation would still have a different number.

In the specific case of a table, though, it would be fine to just have one footnote for the source referenced repeatedly within the table, and then use the same number at the various points in the table where the citation is needed.

Gould, "Streidand as Schwarzkopf," For books downloaded from a library or bookseller, the note should reflect specifically where it is located and in which format. Last name, Shortened Title , location. Noe, Ivory Trenches , loc.

Last name, Shortened Title , location, doi. Bonds, Absolute Music , chap. Lystra, Dangerous Intimacy , Last name Date, page. Last name and Last name Date, page. Last name, Last name, and Last name Date, page. For a book with four or more authors , cite only the last name of the first- listed author, followed by et al. Last name et al. Date, page. Last name of author Date, page. Last name of chapter author Date, page. If there is an abbreviation for the organization, like WHO or NASA, then list the abbreviation first followed by the spelling of the organization name.

Organization name Date, page. Publication Date : page number. Publication Date : page number, shortened URL. Frank P. Publication Date : page number, name of Database. Giannopoulou, "Prisoners," This will be the same, whether it is a physical journal article or an article from a database.

Include the URL at the end of the citation. If the URL is not available, then include the name of the database where you got the article. Newspapers are formatted the same way as magazine articles. If the newspaper article was accessed online, include the URL at the end. If there is no URL and it was accessed via a database, include the database name.

David G. Magazine and newspaper article in-text citations will be very similar to that of journal articles, no matter where they were accessed. If the page number is not listed, still include the last name and date.